Power-actuated implement.



0. O. APP.

POWER ACTUATED IMPLEMENT- APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. 19H. v

Patented Apr. 23,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WK l l t l 55K @QT N,

@Wi/mmm 0. 0. APP.

Powea AcTuATEo IMPLEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3.1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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OLIVER o. Arr, oF NEW YORK, 1v. Y.y

POWER-ACTUATED IMPLEMENT.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. Q3, 191..

Application 4filed. April 3, 1911. Serial No. 618,543.

, To all whom z'zf may concern:

Be it known that lf, OLIVER` APP, a citizen of the United States,residing at the city of New York, in the borough of Man-` plements, andmore particularly to power mechanism for operating chisels, drills, andthe like, such as are used in tunneling and excavatingv work and forbreaking vstones and other frangible material. My invention has for itsobject the provision of reciprocable means adapted to forcefully impingeagainst the tool holding part, or, directly against a portion of thetool itself, said means being preferably' mechanically driven in onedirection and .pneumatically driven in the reverse or contrarydirection. A vfurther object of my invention is to conserve thepressure-fluid used in the operation of the device, so that waste ofthe' same is substantially obviated. A still further object4 of myinvention is to provide aldriving mechanism for said reciprocable meanswhich is adapted to be driven continuously in one direction. 1 havefurther devised novel means for angularly or rotarily advancing a toolwhile thelatter is in operation; this feature being of especial value,in drilling holes in rock, and the like. Another bbject of my inventionis to provide novel means whereby a tool carried bythe implement isautomatically set in operation when the working portion or edge thereofis forcibly drivenagainst a surface to be loperated upon; while it iscorrespondingly automatically thrown out of action when pressure uponthe said tool is relieved. lf have further devised means whereby thereciprocatory part orhammer `is thrown into such aY position as tobeinoperative when lthe pressure upon the tool is removed yin manneraforesaid. These andother objects V.of my invention will be hereinafterreferred to and more particularlypointed outin the appended claims.

In the drawmgs which form a part here` of, and in whichlike charactersdesignate like parts throughout the several views:

' igure 1 is a side elevat-ion of one embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the cylinder shown in Fig.1, taken axially thereof; the parts contained in said cylinder being inoperative relationship.

Fig. 1 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but showing the parts in inoperativeposition.

.Fig.'5 is a detail section drawn to a reduced scale, said section beingtaken on the line V-V of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a detail, partly in section,`of the cam and wiping partshereinafter referred to; the section being taken on line VI-fVI of Fig.7

Fig. 7 is a detail elevation of the elements shown in Fig. 6; some ofsaid elements being broken away on line VH-VH of said figure.

Fig. 8 is a' detail of the tool and water connection. (l

Fig. 9 is a detail of a non-revoluble tool and parts coperatingtherewith.

ln the implement shown in the figures, which, as l am well aware, is butone form of many in which my invention, or essential features thereof,may be embodied, a base 1 is provided upon which is mounted a cylinder 2in any suitable manner, as by means of uprights or standards 3, land 5,'the cylinder being held in place upon saidstandards by means of straps'6. This cylinder may be of lsubstantially the same bore throughout, andhas -positioned interiorly Vthereof a separator block or partitionv 7,

which is secured firmly in position in ,said

cylinder. The joint between said block and the piston rod 10 ispreferably headed. asat tion this headv isfhexagonal in cross-sectionand 1s received into a' `correspondingly 17, and in this exemplificationofmy invenl Miti shaped recess jl8`formed in a sleeve:'19,` which sleevehas substantially the same Outer diam-etwas" ftheboreof the cylinder.: A

ll ity of thecylinder., yThe `forward'endv of plement is intended to beput, the said shankin either case, being preferablyrmly keyed or pinnedto the sleeve 19, as at 21.

A second sleeve 22, which may be ofthe same diameter as the first, isarranged in the cylvinder between the outer sleeve 19 and the partitionblock 7 above referred to, and uniting devices such as the bars or clips23 are preferably provided, whereby the 'outer sleeve 19 and innersleeve 22 are held together, clips 23 being preferably substantiallyU-shaped and being arcuately formed to conform to the bore of thecylinder; the ribs 24 of thesebars or clips being received intocorrespondingl grooves in respective sleeves.

By reason of this construction these two sleeves are constrained to movelongitudinally together, `but the sleeve 19 is free to rotateindependently of the inner sleeve 22, and to facilitate such actionball-bearings 25 may be provided between the said sleeves, theseball-bearings being of any suitable construction. The clips 23 may ifdesired each be semicircular, as indicated in Fig. 4,

the extremities of said bars abutting against each other as at 26 insaid figure. The inner sleeve 22 is reduced in diameter or grooved as at27 and` 28 so that in effect this sleeve constitutes a double valve theuse of which will be hereinafter set forth. Packing rings 29, 30 and 31,are carried by said sleeve and are so disposed as to prevent leakagefrom groove 27 to groove 28 or vice versa, or from either of saidgrooves toward or from either end of the said sleeve. I

The rear extremity of the cylinder is ported as at 32, and the bodythereof is correspondingly ported at 33, the said ports being incommunication lby means of a passage or conduit 34 which in thisinstance is formed directly in the wall of the cylinder, althoughobviously other constructions may be employed. Two additional ports 34and 35 are preferably arranged between ports 32 and 33, ports 34 and 35being connected together by means of a conduit 36. 1n the opposite sideof the cylinder shown in Fig. 3, an additional pair of ports 37 and 38are indicated which are in communication with each other through aconduit 39; this conduit in turn opening at 40 into a pipe 41 whichcommunicateswi-th a compressed air tank 42. By reason of the dispositionof port 37 with respect to the rear end of the inner sleeve, it isevident that this sleeve and thereby also the outer sleeve 19, will benormally urged outwardly to the position in which they are shown in Fig.4, if pres- `Isure sufficient to overcome this tendency be not appliedto the tool carried by said sleeve.

The sleeves andthe tool may hence be said to have a bias toward thisposition.

Assuming that such. pressure has been apin cross section plied, and thatthe sleeves are disposed as shown in Fig. 3; herein the port 38 is incommunication with the groove 37 and the said groove is further incommunication with ort 33 and, via conduit 34, with port 32. ence, thepressure Huid will pass through the several ports and passages, and willexert its pressure upon the rear wall of the piston 11, thereby urgingsaid piston forwardly and driving its head 17 into contact with thetool-holder shank 20. As the pressure in the tank is maintainedsubstantially constant, unless the piston is forcibly withdrawn fromthis last mentioned position, it will tend to stay there indenitely solong as pressure is applied upon the working edge or portion of thetool.

Assuming now that the pressure upon the tool is relieved and thatthereby the fiuid pressure upon the rear end of the sleeve 22 forcesboth sleeves into their outermost posi tion, it will be seen that port38 will first be closed by the passage of the ring 30 and adjacent partsof the sleeve thereover, but will immediately afterward be again openedand thrown into communication y with groove 28, as shown in Fig. 4. Theiiuid will then find its way through said groove to port 35, and willpass thence through conduit 36 and port 34 into the chamber formedbetween the rear wall of the partition block 7 and the front wall of thepiston, which will force the piston rearwardly into the position showninl Fig. 4. The ports 43, which in this instance extend through walls ofthe cylinder, are so disposed that when the sleeve 22 is in itsoutermost position groove 27 will be in communication with the outer airtherethrough, Which permits the pressure Huid, in this instancecompressed air, which had previously been introduced behind piston 11,to escape so that said piston may be driven rearwardly to the end of itstravel. v

Referring to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, it will be observed that l additionalVexhaust ports 44-44 are provided which when the sleeve -22 is in itsinnermost position are in communication with groove 28. Accordingl thechamber in front of piston 11 is at suc time always in communicationwith the atmosphere, while when the sleeve 22 is moved forwardly intothe position shown in Fig. 4, ports 44 are closed by the rear extremityof said sleeve.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, and

. cam plate.

i piston rod, and being secured firmly there-- or lll-shaped frame 53.This frame is secured to the rear extremity of the reduced portion 15 ofthe piston rod and in suchmanner that the said piston rod is journaledtherein, and is free to rotate when drivenin the manner hereinafterdescribed. The cam plate 48 carries one or more wipers 54 which arepreferably adjustably mounted thereon as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 whereinthe cam plate is ldovetailjrecessed or grooved at 55 for the receptionof the shank 56 of a wiper 54, the shank being clamped in its positionin the groove by means of a bolt or screw 57, said shank being slottedas at 58 to permitradial movement inwardly or outwardly of said Wiperwith respect to the' The linger-like portion 59 of the wiper is adaptedfor engagement with a frict1on bevel wheel 60,'the latter being carriedupon the threaded extremity 4of the to so that said rod may be rotatedby means of said" bevel wheel. 1t. may be notedin this connection thatthe bifurcated frame'53 is revolubly mounted upon a sleeve 61, the

i extremities of which latter are in engagement with washers 62 and 63,washers 62 bearing against the hub of wheel 60, land the respectivewashers and the said wheel being adapted to be clamped firmly to thissleeve by means of nuts 64 and 65.

Considering next the details shown in Fig.` 8, the tool-holder shank,20, has integrally formed therewith a chuck or toolholder 66 which isannularly grooved as at 67 for the reception of a ring 68, which latteris held in place by means of a washer 69, which latter may be secured tothel chuck in any suitable manner, as by means of screws `70. The ring68 'is apertured and threaded as at 71 for the reception of a waterpipev 72- and an annularconduit or space 7 3 is prfided between thechuck and the inner side of the ring 68, which is in communication'withthis pipe, while a cross conduit 74 extends through the chuck from oneside of this space tothe other, and affords means for deliveringflushing or lubricating fluid, such as water, from the pipe 72 to acentrally disposed vent 75. Y

The chuck is laterally apertured as at 76 for lthe reception of grippingblocks 77, which maybe of wood, or other suitable material, said blockslbeing held in contact with the shank of a tool 78, which is insertedaxially into said chuck, by means of 84 are provided upon the respectivelegs of the U-bolt 80.

In positioning av drilling tool 78, or the like, inthe chuck, the shankof said tool is inserted into the chuck, and the gripping blocks arecaused to iirmly grip said shank therebetween; pressure being applied tosaid blocks first by means of nuts 84, and when.

these have been tightened up as far as practlcable, the wedge 81 isdrawn downwardly by means of nut 82 so that the tool shank is lheld verysecurely by the chuck. The shank of this type of tool is preferablyapertured longitudinally thereof as at 85, and in order to substantiallyprevent leakage of the water, ,which is intended to be passed throughthis ape'rture, l provide a packing ring or sleeve 86 which is receivedinto a recess 87, in the rear end of the tool-shank and into acorresponding vrecess 88, which is disposed around the opening or port 75. This packing ring may be of rubber, 'or any other suitable material,and it is obvious that, when the tool is in position in its chuck, thewater,

or other flushing or lubricating fluid, may be delivered to the workingedge or portion 89 of the tool from the pipe 72, and this in spite ofthe fact that pipe 72 is stationary, while the chuck and tool arerotating more or less rapidly.

The shaft 46 is extended beyond the uppermost bracket 45, as viewed inFig. 2, and operates a pump 90 by means .of an eccentric strap 91, theconstruction employed for effectmg the operation of the pump being thatof any well known type.v This pump is in communication with thecompressed air tank via a pipe' 92. It Will hence be seen that the tooland the` necessary equipment for operating the same are so united as toconstitute substantially a unit.

The operation of the apparatus is as folshaft 46, and will delivercompressed air, if

that be the pressure Huid used, to the tank- 42. i Assuming that .thetool has not been ap# plied to 'the work, the sleeves v19 and 22 willthen bein their outermost positions, and the pressure fluid, will exertits pressure upon the forward face of the piston, driving such piston tothe rear.- In this position the l rollers 50 which are indirectlycarried by the piston rod, will be driven toward the shaft 46 and willthereby clear the cams 49 when the latter are being rotated. The pistonwill therefore remain stationary; while correspondingly the sleeves 19and 22 will be held in their outermost position by the action of thepressure fluid upon the rear end of sleeve 22.

Assuming now that the tool is brought to bear against a rock surface,sleeve 19 and vthereby sleeve 22, will be. driven inwardly.

Gommunication'between the respective ports will be established as'perFig. 3, which will result in fluid pressure being exerted upon i therear face of piston 11, while the forward wardly, before the rollersencounter one of the sets of cam surfaces 49. lIn practice, usually,inthis initial actuation of the tool, the pressure block of the pistonwill, owing to the relative slowness with which the ports .are openedwhen the sleeves are being driven inwardly, be insufficient at first toso move thel piston rod its entire stroke before the rollers 50encounter the rapidly moving cams 49 and the respective rollers willhence each be struck by a cam at some point alon the surfaceof thelatter, before the head 1 has actually encountered the tool shank.

This, however, merely concerns the initial operation of the device. Thecam surfaces .Hui

of the cams which are in engagement with 49 havingengagedthe rollers 50,will retract the (piston against the action of the pressure but as soonas the respective points 93 the rollers, pass -said rollers, the pistonwill be free to be driven abruptly and powerfully forward by thepressurefluid, the piston being thereafter periodically pulled back against theaction of the pressure fluid and suddenly released. In thisexempliication -of my invention there are three sets of cams upon a camwheel, and`as the said wheel is rotating at the rate of, let us say,1,000l revolutions per minute, it is obvious that the pistonl head 17will impinge against the tool shank approximately 3,000 times per minute, and that the force which the said head will exert under saidconditions will be relatively enormous if the pressure fluid be Y highlycompressed.

. available at the instant that the hammerv In 4pneumatic tools asordinarily con-A structed, the fluid operates expansively, and hencelthe full pressure ofthe liuid is not strikes the tool or tool-carryingpart. In Amy construction, however, practically; no expansion whatsoeverneed occur and substantially the full pressure of the fluid is availableto urge the head or hammer forward, and to drive the same into contactwith .the tool -or'tool-carrying part up to the very instant of impact.y

The tool further is held firmly to the work so that it does not tend torebound by reason of the pressure exerted upon the sleeve 22. Should itbe desired to revolve or rotate the tool while operating the same, thewipers 54 are moved outwardly with respect to the shaft 46 until theyare adapted to successively engage the surface of the bevel wheel, eachat an instant when the said wheel is in its most rearward position. Asaresult the wheel will be wiped, preferably somewhat lightly, by thewipers, and will accordingly be rotated a small amount each time that awiper engages it. As the bevel wheel is firmly secured to the piston rodand as the head of the rod, in this instance, is non-circular, z'. e.,hexagonal, the -s'leeve 19 will rotate'with the rod and wheel, and willthereby impart a step by step angular or rotary movement to the tool;and by adjusting the wipers with respect to the wheel the amount ofrotary displacement of the tool, at each step, can be regulated.

Of course it *is to be understood that it is not always desirableto'employ a rotarily acting tool, as for instance when it is desired tomerely use a chisel. In such case means are provided for preventing thetool and the sleeve 19 in which it is preferably directly held in suchcase, from rotating; auxiliary hold-ing or locking means being provided.Figs. 2 and 9 exemplify one form of such means, the cylinder havingtherein a transverse aperture 94 adapted for vthe reception of a key 95,which may be driven thereinto. The outer `surface of the sleeve 19 atone point is correspondingly surfaced off as at 96, said surface bearinagainst the inner side of the key 95 and thereby preventing the sleevefrom rotating, while the depression or recess so formed in the surfaceof the sleeve is of sufiiciently greater width than that of the said keyto permit of the necessary longitudinal `displacement of the sleeve withrespect to the cylinder. A normally non-revoluble tool, has been Shownin Fig. 9, and in this case no chuck being necessary, the shank of thetool is made hexagonal, in correspondence with. the shank of the holderpreviously described, and is inserted directly int the hexagonal boreofthe sleeve 19; the key 21 serving in this instance to maintain thetool directly in position in said sleeve, instead of being in engagementwith the shankl of a tool holder.

In lits broad aspects, the invention contemplates'the provision, incombination with other parts, of a chamber of variable capacity which isadapted to be maintained distended by the action of the pressure-Huid,

ini

a part of which chamber is periodically. movable by means of a suitableappliance so as to reduce Vthe volume of said chamber,

' against the action of the pressure-fluid; the

abrupt action of the fluid in Vre-distending the chamber being utilizedto drive the tool.

In the form of my device shown in the accompanying drawings this chamberis con stituted by thex rear end ofthe cylinder, its cap and the piston;but it is evident that many types of chamber may be provided and thatthis distending action ,of the pressure-fluid may be taken advantage ofin many ways; a number of which I am' well aware of. i

I am also aware that some attempts have been made heretofore t0 utilizesome of the underlying principles hereof and hence do not attempt tolclaim such a pressure chamber and means, broadly, for reducing itsVvolume against the action of the pressure fluid; that the employment ofa cam as a part of the actuating means renders the device most practicaland economical in operation. Especially is this the case when the cam isrevolubly mounted and when auxiliiary means such, for example, as thoseIshown are provided for automatically throwing the tool out of actionwhen it is removed from its wprk.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a power-actuated implement, a fluidpressure reservoir, a tool, acylinder, a piston therein, a movable valve for alternately admittingfluid-pressure to and exhausting fluid-pressure from each end of saidcylinder, and means for retracting said piston against the action of thefluid-pressure admitted to one end of said cylinder.

2. In a power-actuated implement, a fluidpressure reservoir, a tool, acylinder, a reciprocably mounted element therein adapted to actuate saidtool, a movable valvular means for alternately admitting and exhaustingfluid-pressure from each end of said cylinder, said means normallyadmitting pressure to the front end of said cylinder and eX- hausting itfrom the rear end and means operatively associated with said tool formoving said valvular means to admit pressure to the rear end. and toexhaust pressure from the front end of said cylinder, and means forretracting said element against the force. of said fluid ressureadmitted to the rear end of said cylinder.

3. In a power-actuatedimplement, a Huidpressure reservoir, a tool, acylinder, a piston therein, a valve for controlling the admission ofHuid-pressure to each end of said cylinder, said valve normallyadmitting pressure to the forward end, a tool, and

means operatively associated with said tool for moving said valve to cutofi the supply of pressure to the-forward end and to admit it to therear end of the cylinder and separate means for retracting said pistonagainst the action of the Huid-pressure on the rear end of the piston. l

4. In a power-actuated implement, a cylinder, a piston therein, a tooladapted to be actuated thereby, means for alternately admittingduid-pressure to and exhausting fluid-pressure from each end of saidcylinder, and means for retracting said piston against the force of saidfluid-pressure in one direction.

5. In a power-actuated implement, a fluidpressure reservoir, a tool, acylinder, a piston therein adapted to actuate said tool, movable meansfor alternately admitting fluid-pressure to and exhaustingfluid-pressure from each end of said piston, the movement of saidmovable means-being controlledby the fluid-pressure in one direction,and means operatively associated with said tool for controlling it againin the other direction. f

' rate means for retracting said piston against the action of saidfluid-pressure.

7. In a power actuated tool, a cylinder, a. piston therein, alongitudinally displaceable sleeve therein, movable inwardly toward saidpiston and away therefrom, said sleeve normally occupying the latterposition, means for admitting pressure-fluid to one side of vsaid pistonwhen said sleeve 1s moved 1nwardly, means for retracting said pistonagainst the action of said pressure-fluid, a tool carried by saidsleeve, means for cutting olf the admission of said pressure-Huid tosaid side of said piston when said sleeve and tool move outwardly withlrespect to said piston. l

8. In combination, a ported cylinder, a piston therein, a plurality ofsleeves in said cylinder one of which is rotatably mounted, 1,15 one ofsaid sleeves having pressure fluid passages therein, the movement ofsaid last mentioned sleeve with respect to said cylinder controllin theadmission of pressure fluid into said cy inder, a tool opera wherebypressure upon the working portion of the tool controls the admission ofpres- 125 sure fluid to parts of said cylinder, means for positivelydisplacing'said piston against the action 'of said pressure uld, andmeans for rotating said rotatably mounted sleeve.

9. A power-actuated implement comprisist le by said piston, said toolbeing operatively connected to one ing a reciprocably mounted element, atool adapted to be actuated thereby, pneumatic means fortactuating saidreciprocating element in one direction, mechanical means for 5 actuatingsaid element in the other direction, said pneumatic means being normallyinoperative and said mechanical means being disassociated from. saidelement under normal conditions and means controlled by 10 the backwardmovement of the tool for rendering said pneumatic means operative and.

for connecting said mechanical means to said reciprocably mountedelement to thereby cause the periodical reciprocation of said element. vi5 In Witness whereof, subscribe my signature, in the presence of tWoWitnesses.

. OLIVER O. APP.

' Witnesses: 4

WALDo M. CHAPIN, JAMES DE ANTONIO.

